Los Angeles, USA: Ndị nyocha na akụkọ a mere nyocha zuru oke banyere ahịa nkedo isi awọ zuru ụwa ọnụ, na-eburu n'uche isi ihe ndị dị ka ihe ndị na-anya ụgbọ ala, ihe ịma aka, ọnọdụ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, ohere, ọganihu na mpaghara asọmpi.Akụkọ ahụ ghọtara nke ọma ọnọdụ dị ugbu a na ọnọdụ ọdịnihu nke ụlọ ọrụ nkedo isi awọ zuru ụwa ọnụ.Ndị nyocha etinyela usoro nyocha dị ka PESTLE na nyocha ike ise nke Porter.Ha nyekwara data ziri ezi na mmepụta, ikike, ọnụahịa, ọnụ ahịa, uru na ego nke nkedo ígwè isi awọ iji nyere ndị egwuregwu aka ịghọta nke ọma ọnọdụ ahịa ahịa ugbu a na ọdịnihu.
Ọ na-enyocha ụlọ ọrụ ndị na-eduga n'ahịa nkedo isi awọ zuru ụwa ọnụ, ebe ha na-atụle oke ahịa ha, ihe ndị na-eme n'oge na-adịbeghị anya, mmalite ngwaahịa ọhụrụ, mmekorita, njikọta ma ọ bụ nweta, na ahịa ndị ha na-eje ozi.Anyị na-emekwa nyocha zuru ezu nke Pọtụfoliyo ngwaahịa ha iji nyochaa ngwaahịa na ngwa ha na-elekwasị anya mgbe ha na-arụ ọrụ n'ahịa nkedo isi awọ zuru ụwa ọnụ.Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, akụkọ ahụ na-enye amụma ahịa ahịa abụọ nwere onwe ha-otu maka mmepụta nke ahịa ihe nkedo isi awọ zuru ụwa ọnụ, na nke ọzọ maka akụkụ oriri.Ọ na-enyekwa ndụmọdụ bara uru maka ndị egwuregwu ọhụrụ na ndị ochie na ahịa nkedo isi awọ zuru ụwa ọnụ.
Ndị isi egwuregwu akpọrọ aha na akụkọ nyocha nyocha ahịa igwe isi awọ zuru ụwa ọnụ: Hitachi Metals, Grede Foundry, Draxton, MAT Foundry, Teknụzụ Metal, Neenah Foundry, Denizciler, INAT Precision, Kutno, Farinia Group, Rochester Metal Products, Willman Industries, Aarrowcast, Weichai Ike (Weifang) Nkedo, Huaxiang Group, Meide Group, Tianjin Xinweisan Industry, FAW Nkedo
Ahịa nkedo isi awọ zuru ụwa ọnụ site na ngwa: ụgbọ ala, ọrụ ugbo, ihe owuwu na Ngwuputa, igwe na akụrụngwa, ime obodo, ike, ndị ọzọ
Na ngalaba nkewa, akụkọ ahụ na-egosi ka akụkụ ahịa na-eduga nwere ike ịbawanye òkè ya na ụlọ ọrụ nkedo isi awọ zuru ụwa ọnụ site n'enyemaka nke isi ihe nkwado.Onye nyocha ahụ nyochachara nke ọma akụkụ ngwa na ahịa ngwaahịa nke ụlọ ọrụ nkedo isi awọ zuru ụwa ọnụ.Ndị na-egwu egwuregwu nwere ike iji nyocha a họrọ mpaghara ahịa kpọmkwem ka ha lekwasị anya na afọ ole na ole sochirinụ wee mepụta atụmatụ dị irè iji nweta oke uto.Ndị na-azụta akụkọ ahụ ga-enwe ike ịnweta oke oke, na-agbakwunye ọnụego uto kwa afọ na amụma nha maka ngwaahịa dị iche iche na mpaghara ngwa na ụlọ ọrụ nkedo ígwè isi awọ zuru ụwa ọnụ.
Dị ka akụkụ nke nyocha mpaghara, akụkọ ahụ na-elekwasị anya na mpaghara ndị na-eto eto dị elu na ihe ndị na-akwalite uto ha na ụlọ ọrụ nkedo isi awọ zuru ụwa ọnụ.Mpaghara na obodo ọ bụla dị mkpa emeela nyocha dị omimi iji chọpụta ohere uto na-enye ego dị n'ụwa niile.Nyocha mpaghara ga-enyere ndị na-eso ụzọ aka ịgbasa nzọ ụkwụ ha, mee ka nghọta ha banyere ọnọdụ usoro iwu kpọmkwem na mba ndị dị mkpa, na ịchọpụta ohere ọhụrụ na mpaghara dị iche iche.
(1) N'ime oge amụma, kedu ka ahịa nkedo isi awọ zuru ụwa ọnụ ga-esi eme?Kedu nha ahịa ahịa n'ihe gbasara uru na ọnụọgụ?
(2) Kedu akụkụ ahịa ga-ebufe ahịa nkedo isi awọ zuru ụwa ọnụ?Kedu ahịa mpaghara ga-egosi oke uto n'ọdịnihu?kedu ihe kpatara ya?
(3) Kedu ka ihe nrịbama isi awọ ga-esi gbanwee n'ihi ohere ahịa, ihe mgbochi na ihe ịkwọ ụgbọala n'ọdịnihu?
(4) Kedu atụmatụ bụ isi maka ndị sonyere na ha ga-edobe onwe ha n'ahịa nkedo isi awọ zuru ụwa ọnụ?
1 Mpaghara nyocha 1.1 Okwu mmeghe ngwaahịa igwe ntụ ntụ ntụ 1.2 Ahịa n'ụdị 1.2.1 Global gray cast iron market scale it is to type 1.2.2 Vertical molding 1.2.3 kwụ ọtọ ịkpụzi 1.3 Ahịa site na ngwa 1.3.1 Global gray cast iron market scale it is to the type 1.2.2 Vertical molding ngwa ngwa 1.3 .2 Automotive 1.3.3 Agriculture, ewu na Ngwuputa 1.3.4 Machinery na akụrụngwa 1.3.5 Municipal ochichi 1.3.6 Energy 1.3.7 Ndị ọzọ 1.4 Research ebumnobi 1.5 afọ nlebara anya.
2 Executive nchịkọta 2.1 Global isi awọ nkedo nkedo ahịa nha, atụmatụ na amụma 2.1.1 2016-2027 zuru ụwa ọnụ nkedo nkedo nkedo 2.1.2 2016-2027 zuru ụwa ọnụ nkedo isi awọ ire 2.2 zuru ụwa ọnụ nkedo isi awọ, ahịa site na mpaghara Akara: 20226 na 20226 VS 2027 2.3 Akụkọ ihe mere eme ahịa nke nkedo isi awọ site na mpaghara (2016-2021) 2.3.1 Nlebanya ihe nkedo igwe isi awọ zuru ụwa ọnụ site na mpaghara Ọnọdụ Ahịa: 2016-2021 2.3.2 Site na mpaghara Global Grey Iron Castings Review Sales Market Scenarios: 2016 2021 2.4 Atụmatụ nkedo nkedo igwe isi awọ na amụma site na mpaghara (2022-2027) 2.4.1 Global Grey Iron Nkedo amụma amụma amụma site na mpaghara (2022-2027) 2.4.2 Grey Grey Iron nkedo nkedo ego amụma amụma sitere na mpaghara (2022-2027)
3 Ndị na-asọmpi nkedo igwe isi awọ zuru ụwa ọnụ site n'aka ndị egwuregwu 3.1 Ndị na-emepụta ihe nkedo isi awọ zuru ụwa ọnụ site na ire ere 3.1.1 Ndị na-emepụta ihe nkedo isi awọ zuru ụwa ọnụ (2016-2021) 3.1.2 Ndị na-emepụta ihe na-ere ahịa ahịa ahịa isi awọ zuru ụwa ọnụ (2016-2021) 3.2 Global Top Grey Cast Iron Manufacturers from Revenue 3.2.1 Major Grey Cast Iron Manufacturers Covered: Ranked from Revenue 3.2.2 Manufacturers' Global Gray Cast Revenue (2016-2021) 3.2.3 Ndị nrụpụta' Global Grey Cast Iron Revenue (2016-2021) Nkesa (2016). -2021) 3.2.4 Global gray iron casting market focus (CR5 na HHI) (2016-2021) 3.2.5 Global gray iron casting revenue top 10 and top 5 company in 2020 (Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3) 3.3 Global Grey Grey Iron Expert Products 3.4 Global Grey Grey Iron Nkesa isi ihe nkesa, ụdị ngwaahịa 3.4.1 Nkesa isi awọ na-emepụta ihe nkesa isi, isi ụlọ ọrụ rs 3.4.2 ụdị ngwaahịa igwe agba ntụ isi awọ. nrụpụtarers 3.4.3 Ụbọchị mgbe ndị nrụpụta mba ụwa batara n'ahịa nkedo isi awọ 3.5 Ngwakọta na nnweta na atụmatụ mgbasawanye nke ndị nrụpụta
4 Nkeji data n'ụdị (2016-2027) 4.1 Global isi awọ nkedo ígwè ahịa nha n'ụdị (2016-2021) 4.1.1 Global isi awọ nkedo ígwè ahịa n'ụdị (2016-2021) 4.1.2 Site ụdị Global Grey Cast Iron Revenue site na ụdị Ụdị (2016-2021) 4.1.3 Nkezi Ahịa Ahịa (ASP) nke ihe nkedo ígwè isi awọ site n'ụdị (2016-2021) 4.2 Global Grey Iron Castings Market Size Amụma site Ụdị (2022-2027 4.2.1 Global gray iron castings amụma amụma amụma ire site na ụdị (2022-2027) 4.2.2 Gburugburu ụwa ihe nkedo nkedo isi awọ amụma ego ga-enweta n'ụdị (2022-2027) 4.2.3 Nkedo ígwè isi awọ site n'ụdị Nkezi ọnụahịa ire ere (ASP) amụma (2022-2027)
5 Nkeji data site na ngwa (2016-2027) 5.1 Global isi awọ igwe nkedo ahịa nha site ngwa (2016-2021) 5.1.1 Global isi awọ ígwè nkedo ahịa site ngwa (2016-2021) 5.1.2 Global isi awọ ígwè nkedo nkedo site ngwa (2016-2021) 2016-2021) 5.1.3 Ọnụ nkedo nkedo isi awọ site na ngwa (2016-2021) 5.2 Nkedo igwe isi awọ ahịa nha amụma site na ngwa (2022- (2027) 5.2.1 Global gray iron castings amụma amụma site ngwa (2022-2027) 5.2 .2 Global agba ntụ nkedo nkedo ego ga-enweta amụma site na ngwa (2022-2027) 5.2.3 Amụma ahịa igwe isi awọ zuru ụwa ọnụ site na ngwa Amụma ọnụahịa igwe agba (2022-2027)
6 Japan site na ọkpụkpọ, ụdị na ngwa 6.1 Ahịa ihe nkedo isi awọ nke Japan toro kwa afọ na 2016-2027 6.1.1 Ire ihe nkedo isi awọ Japan mụbara kwa afọ 2016-2027 6.1.2 Ego a na-enweta nkedo ígwè isi awọ na Japan mụbara. afọ na-afọ 2016-2027 6.1.3 Japan 2016-2027 ụwa ahịa isi awọ ígwè nkedo ahịa òkè 6.2 Japanese isi awọ igwe nkedo ahịa nha nke ndị egwuregwu (ndị egwuregwu mba ụwa na mpaghara) 6.2.1 Ndị na-eme egwuregwu nkedo igwe isi awọ kacha elu nke Japan site na ire ere (2016) -2021) 6.2.2 Ndị na-egwu ihe nkedo isi awọ Japan kacha mma site na ego ha nwetara (2016-2021) 6.3 Japanese gray cast iron akụkọ ihe mere eme nleba anya n'ụdị (2016-2021) 6.3.1 Japan agba ntụ isi awọ ahịa ahịa ahịa n'ụdị (2016-2021) 6.3.2 Japan. Ọnụ ahịa igwe ntụ ntụ isi awọ dị n'ụdị (2016-2021) 6.3.3 Ọnụ ahịa igwe ntụ ntụ isi awọ nke Japan n'ụdị (2016-2021) 6.4 Atụmatụ ahịa ahịa isi awọ isi awọ na amụma n'ụdị (2022- (2027) 6.4.1 amụma ire ahịa nke nkedo isi awọ na Japan n'ụdị (2022-2027) 6.4.2 amụma ego ị ga-enweta nke nkedo isi awọ na Japan n'ụdị (2022-2027) 6.4.3 J apan isi awọ n'ụdị amụma ọnụahịa (2022-2027) 6.5 Nyochaa nke ngwa ahịa nke akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ihe nkedo isi awọ na Japan (2016-2021) 6.5.1 Ahịa ahịa ahịa nke nkedo isi awọ na Japan site na ngwa (2016-2021) 6.5.2 Ahịa ahịa nke nkedo isi awọ na Japan site na ntinye ego. òkè ahịa nke nkedo ígwè site na ngwa (2016-2021) 6.5.3 Ọnụ ahịa ihe nkedo isi awọ Japanese site na ngwa (2016-2021) 6.6 JAtụmatụ ihe nkedo apanese isi awọ isi awọ na amụma site na ngwa (2022 -2027) 6.6.1 Japan isi awọ nkedo ngwa ahịa amụma (2022-2027) 6.6.2 Japan agba ntụ ntụ ntụ ngwa amụma ego ha ga enweta (2022-2027) 6.6.3 Japan isi awọ. amụma ọnụahịa ihe nkedo ngwa (2022-2027)
7 North America 7.1 North America isi awọ igwe nkedo ahịa n'afọ n'afọ 2016-2027 7.2 North American isi awọ nkedo ahịa eziokwu na data site na obodo / mpaghara 7.2.1 North American isi awọ nkedo ígwè mba (2016-2021) 7.2 .2 Nkedo igwe isi awọ nke North America Ire nke nkedo ígwè site na mba (2016-2021) 7.2.3 United States 7.2.4 Canada
8 Asia Pacific 8.1 Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke nkedo igwe isi awọ na mpaghara Eshia-Pacific na-eto kwa afọ 2016-2027 8.2 Eziokwu na ọnụ ọgụgụ ahịa nkedo isi awọ na mpaghara Eshia-Pacific gbajiri mpaghara 8.2. .1 Ire nke nkedo isi awọ na mpaghara Eshia-Pacific (2016-2021) 8.2.2 Mpaghara Eshia-Pacific Grey Iron Nkedo Ahịa Revenue site na mpaghara (2016-2021) 8.2.3 China 8.2.4 Japan 8.2.5 South Korea 8.2.6 India 8.2.7 Australia 8.2.8 Australia 8.2.9 Indonesia 8.2.10 Thailand 8.2.11 Malaysia
9 Europe 9.1 European gray iron casting market scale 2016-2027 afọ na-eto 9.2 European isi awọ nkedo ahịa eziokwu na data site na obodo 9.2.1 European gray iron nkedo ahịa site na obodo / mpaghara (2016-2021) 9.2.2 European ego nkedo ígwè isi awọ sitere na obodo/mpaghara (2016-2021) 9.2.3 Germany 9.2.4 France 9.2.5 United Kingdom 9.2.6 Italy
10 Latin America 10.1 Ọnụ ahịa nke ihe nkedo isi awọ Latin America mụbara kwa afọ 2016-2027 10.2 Eziokwu na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ahịa ihe nkedo isi awọ Latin America bụ obodo / mpaghara gbajiri 10.2.1 ire ere Latin America. Ihe nkedo ígwè isi awọ site na obodo/mpaghara (2016-2021) 10.2.2 Latin America Grey Ígwè nkedo ọrịre ahịa site na mba/ Mpaghara (2016-2021) 10.2.3 Mexico 10.2.4 Brazil 10.2.5 Argentina 10.2.6 Colombia
11 Middle East na Africa 11.1 Ọnụ ahịa nkedo ígwè isi awọ na Middle East na Africa toro site n'afọ ruo n'afọ 2016-2027 11.2 Mba na-akụrie eziokwu na ọnụ ọgụgụ ahịa nkedo isi awọ na Middle East na Africa site na mba. 11.2.1 Mba ndị a na-ere ihe nkedo isi awọ na Middle East na Africa (2016-2021) 11.2.2 Middle East na Africa isi awọ na-akpata ego (2016-2021) 11.2.3 Turkey 11.2.4 Saudi Arabia 11.2. 5 UAE
12 Nlekọta ụlọ ọrụ 12.1 Hitachi Metals 12.1.1 Hitachi Metals Co., Ltd. Ozi 12.1.2 Hitachi Metals Description and Business Overview 12.1.3 Hitachi Metals Grey Iron Castings Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2016-12021)4 Hitachi Metals Ngwaahịa Grey Castings na-enye 12.1.5 Hitachi Metals Na-adịbeghị anya Mmepe 12.2 Grede Foundry 12.2.1 Grede Foundry Corporation Ozi 12.2.2 Grede Foundry Description and Business Overview 12.2.3 Grede Foundry Grey Cast Iron Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin-21 Enyere 12.2.5 Grede Foundry Mmepe Na-adịbeghị anya 12.3 Draxton 12.3.1 Ozi ụlọ ọrụ Draxton 12.3.2 Nkọwa Draxton na nyocha azụmahịa 12.3.3 Draxton Grey Iron Casts Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (Draxton Grey nyere site na 20216-2021 Cass). 12.3.5 Draxton Mmepe Na-adịbeghị anya 12.4 MAT Foundry 12.4.1 MAT Foundry Corporation Ozi 12.4.2 Nkọwa ntọala MAT na nyocha azụmahịa ew 12.4.3 MAT Nkedo Grey Cast Iron Sales, Revenue na oke oke (2016-2021) 12.4.4 MAT Casting Grey Iron Product àjà 12.4.5 MAT Nkedo Kacha ọhụrụ Development 12.5 Metal Technology 12.5.1 Metal Technology Company Ozi 12.5.2 Metal Technology Nkọwapụta na Business Overview 12.5.3 Metal Technology Gray Iron Nkedo Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2016) 2021) 12.5.4 Metal technology gray cast iron products provision 12.5.5 ọhụrụ mmepe na metal technology 12.6 Nina Foundry 12.6.1 Nina Foundry ozi ụlọ ọrụ 12.6.2 Neenah Foundry nkọwa na azụmahịa nchịkọta 12.6.3 Neenah Foundry isi awọ ahịa, ihe nkedo ígwè Piece ego ha nwetara na oke uru dị oke (2016-2021) 12.6.4 Neenah Foundry isi awọ igwe nkedo ngwaahịa na-enye 12.6.5 Neenah Foundry mmepe na-adịbeghị anya 17.5.1 Denizciler ozi ụlọ ọrụ 12.7.2 nkọwa Denizciler na nyocha azụmahịa 12.7.3 Denizcilers iron gray, ego ha nwetara na oke uru dị oke (2016-2) 021) 12.7.4 Denizciler ngwaahịa ihe nkedo isi awọ na-enye 12.7.5 Denizciler Mmepe Na-adịbeghị anya 12.8 INAT Precision 12.8.1 INTOzi ụlọ ọrụ AT Precision 12.8.2 INAT Nkọwapụta nkenke na nyocha azụmaahịa 12.8.3 INAT nkenke isi awọ iron nkedo ire oke, ego ha nwetara na mkpokọta ego (2016-2021) 12.8.4 INAT Precision Grey Iron nkedo ngwaahịa onyinye 12.8. 12.9 Kutno 12.9.1 Ozi ụlọ ọrụ Kutno 12.9.2 Kutno Description and Business Overview 12.9.3 Kutno Grey Iron Castings Sales, Revenue and Total Profit Margin (2016-2021) 12.9.4 Kutno Grey Iron Castingscents 12.9.4 Kutno. Farinia Group 12.10.1 Ozi ụlọ ọrụ Farinia 12.10.2 Nkọwa nke Farinia na nyocha azụmahịa 12.10.3 Farinia Group Grey Iron Casts Sales Revenue and Gross Margin (2016-2021) 12.10.4 Ngwa ihe nkedo isi awọ nyere site Farinia Group 12.10.5 Farinia Group mmepe na nso nso a 12.11 Hitachi Metals 12.11.1 Hitachi Metals Corporation ozi 12.11.2 Hitachi Metal nkọwa na nyocha azụmahịa 12.11.3 Hitachi Metal isi awọ nkedo ígwè ahịa, ego na nnukwu ego (2016-2021) 12.11.4 Hitachi Metal Grey Iron Nkedo Ngwaahịa Na-enye 12.11.5 Hitachi Metals 12 Mmepe na-adịbeghị anya Welman Industries 12.12.1 Welman Industries Company Information 12.12.2 Welman Industries Description and Sale2 Welman Industries Description and Sale1. Oke nke ihe nkedo isi awọ nke Ulman Industrial (2016-2021) 12.12.4 Ngwaahịa nke Wellman Industrial 12.12.5 Mmepe nke Wellman Industrial na-adịbeghị anya 12.13 Aarrowcast 12.13.1 Ozi ụlọ ọrụ Aarrowcast 12.13.2 Arrowcast Description 12.13.2 Aarrowcast Overview. Ire nkedo ígwè, ego ego na oke oke (2016-2021) 12.13.4 Ngwaahịa Arrowcast ewepụtara 12.13.1412.5 Wealcast Powercast Mmepe na-adịbeghị anya.(Weifang) Nkedo 12.14.1 Weichai Ike (Weifang) Ozi ụlọ ọrụ nkedo 12.14.2 Weichai ike (Weifang) Nkọwa nkedo na nyocha azụmahịa 12.14.3 Weichai Ike ) 12.14.4 Ngosipụta nke Weichai Ike (Weifang) Nkedo Ngwaahịa 12.14.5 Weichai Ike (Weifang) ) Na nso nso a na nkedo 12.15 Huaxiang Group 12.15.1 Huaxiang Group Company Ozi 12.15.2 Huaxiang Group Description na Business Overview 12.15. Grey Iron Nkedo Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2016-2021) 12.15.4 Hua Products nyere Xiang Group 12.15.5 Na-adịbeghị anya mmepe nke Hua Xiang Group 12.16 Meide Group 12.16.1 Meide Group ozi ụlọ ọrụ 12.16.2 Meide Group nkọwa na azụmahịa nkọwa. nnyocha 12.16.3 Meide Group isi awọ nkedo ígwè ahịa, ego ha nwetara na oke uru oke (2016-2021) 12.16.4 Ngwaahịa nyere Meide Group 12.16.5 Meide Group Na-adịbeghị anya Development 12.17 Tianjin Xinweisan Industry 12.17.1 Tianjin.anjin Xinweisan Industry Corporation Ozi 12.17.2 Tianjin Xinweisan Profaịlụ Ụlọ Ọrụ na Nyocha Azụmahịa 12.17.3 Tianjin Xinwei Weisan Industrial Grey Iron Casting Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2016-2021) 12.17.4 Tianjin Xinweisan Industrial Products Nye 12.17 Tianjin Industry Xinweisan Mmepe na nso nso a 12.18 FAW nkedo 12.18.1 FAW nkedo ụlọ ọrụ 12.18.2 Nkọwa ntọala FAW na nyocha azụmahịa 12.18.3 FAW Foundry Grey Iron nkedo ahịa, ego ha nwetara na oke oke (2016-2021) 12.15ry.4 FAWd 12.15ry. FAW Foundry Mmepe na nso nso a
13 Ohere Ahịa, Ihe ịma aka, Ihe ize ndụ na Mmetụta Mmetụta Analysis 13.1 Azụmahịa Ntugharị Igwe Ọdụdọ 13.2 Isi Ihe Ndị Na-eme Ka Ọdụdọ Isi awọ 13.3 Ihe ịma aka ahịa ahịa igwe agba ntụ isi awọ 13.4 Mgbochi ahịa ahịa igwe agba ntụ isi awọ.
14 Ntụle ọnụ ahịa ahịa na ọwa ire 14.1 Ntụle ọnụ ahịa ọnụ ahịa 14.2 Ndị ahịa nkedo agba ntụ 14.3 nyocha ọwa ahịa 14.3.1 Ọwa ire ere 14.3.2 Ndị na-ekesa ihe.
16 Ihe mgbakwunye 16.1 Usoro nyocha 16.1.1 Usoro/Ụzọ nyocha 16.1.2 Isi mmalite data 16.2 Nkọwa ndị ode akwụkwọ 16.3 Disclaimer
E hiwere nyocha QY na 2007, na-elekwasị anya na nyocha ahaziri ahazi, ndụmọdụ njikwa, ndụmọdụ IPO, nyocha n'usoro ụlọ ọrụ, nchekwa data na ọrụ nzukọ ọmụmụ.Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ nwere nnukwu nchekwa data bụ isi (dị ka National Bureau of Statistics database, mbubata na mbupụ ọdụ data, ụlọ ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ nchekwa data, wdg), ọkachamara akụrụngwa (gụnyere ike ugbo ala, chemical ọgwụ ICT ahịa ngwaahịa, wdg).